Manejo farmacoterapêutico da insônia primária: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v7i15.1399Palavras-chave:
Insônia, Sono, Hipnóticos, SedativosResumo
Introdução. O sono é primordial para manter o equilíbrio metabólico, neurológico e cognitivo do indivíduo, logo quando alterado de forma súbita ou prolongada pode desencadear efeitos nocivos à saúde física e/ou mental. Nesse contexto, inicialmente identificada como um sintoma, a insônia tornou-se reconhecida como um transtorno por gerar sofrimento ou dano funcional e tem se tornado frequente na prática clínica, atingindo mais de 30% da população idosa afetando além da cognição, a atenção, o equilíbrio e as tarefas diárias. Objetivo. Evidenciar as terapêuticas atuais utilizadas para o manejo da insônia, como forma de promover o bem estar físico e mental assim como maior qualidade de vida para a população insone. Metodologia. Foram avaliados artigos disponíveis nas bases de dados U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes Health (PubMed), Scielo e Science Direct. A identificação e seleção dos artigos foi realizada considerando como critérios de inclusão texto completo; últimos 5 anos; inglês. Resultados. Foram identificados 897 artigos a partir dos descritores utilizados nessa revisão. A seleção baseada na análise dos títulos e resumos bem como a leitura completa dos manuscritos resultou em 22 artigos elegíveis para análise. Conclusão. A terapia com sedativos-hipnóticos, como benzodiazepínicos e drogas z, tem sido predominante nos consultórios, embora seus efeitos colaterais como maior propensão a quedas e fraturas, potencial de dependência e processos demenciais sejam conhecidos. Nesse sentido, alternativas terapêuticas como os antagonistas dos receptores de orexina, estão sendo, cada vez mais, alvo de estudos, e o manejo da insônia deve ser individualizado a cada paciente, de modo a suprir as necessidades e diminuir efeitos adversos indesejados.
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