O impacto da microbiota intestinal no desenvolvimento de sarcopenia na pessoa idosa: uma revisão integrativa do eixo intestino-músculo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v8i19.2625Palavras-chave:
Microbiota Gastrointestinal, Disbiose, Pessoa Idosa, SarcopeniaResumo
A sarcopenia é uma síndrome geriátrica caracterizada por alterações musculoesqueléticas com perda de massa, qualidade e função muscular, impactando negativamente a saúde da pessoa idosa. O eixo intestino-músculo propõe que a microbiota intestinal desempenha um papel fundamental na manutenção da massa muscular, dado que discrepâncias foram identificadas entre a microbiota de indivíduos sarcopênicos e não sarcopênicos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os estudos existentes sobre a interação entre a microbiota intestinal e o desenvolvimento da sarcopenia, analisando a relação intrínseca entre a disbiose intestinal e esse processo, com foco na comparação da diversidade da composição microbiana em pessoas idosas sarcopênicos e não sarcopênicos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa baseada em publicações dos últimos dez anos (2015 a 2025), extraídas das bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e ScienceDirect. Observou-se que alterações no microbioma intestinal, derivadas do desequilíbrio na proporção de espécies bacterianas, interferem no desenvolvimento muscular e influenciam a instalação da sarcopenia. Além disso, a dieta exerce influência significativa sobre a composição da microbiota intestinal e no desenvolvimento da sarcopenia, podendo estimular tanto o crescimento muscular quanto a proliferação de bactérias moduladoras desse processo. Conclui-se que a literatura científica associa a disbiose intestinal ao surgimento da sarcopenia. Nesse contexto, a dieta, o estilo de vida e o uso de probióticos configuram-se como importantes moduladores do microbioma intestinal. Ademais, algumas bactérias intestinais têm sido propostas como potenciais biomarcadores da sarcopenia, contribuindo para o diagnóstico precoce e medidas profiláticas. Destaca-se, por fim, a escassez de estudos recentes e robustos sobre o eixo intestino-músculo, especialmente na América Latina, onde ainda há uma lacuna relevante de investigações populacionais.
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