Prevalence and incidence of anorectal malformations in children born in a high-risk maternity hospital in the city of Aracaju

Abstract

Anorectal malformations (ARM) are a complex group of congenital anomalies that affect the development of the anus, rectum and urogenital tract. Objective: To assess the prevalence and incidence of MAR in newborns up to 30 days after birth. Methodology: a cross-sectional, retrospective and documentary study carried out at the Nossa Senhora de Lourdes Maternity Hospital (MNSL), Sergipe, from 2018 to 2022. Data was collected from maternity records and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC), focusing on the classification of malformations, primary interventions carried out and clinical outcomes. Results: During the study period, 47 newborns with MAR were registered in the state of Sergipe. Of these, 12 occurred in the MNSL, the most frequent being the low type (50%). The most common interventions included posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSAAR) in 50% of cases and colostomies in 30%. Electrostimulators were available and used in 100% of the ARPSP performed. In the first 30 days, the post-operative mortality rate was 25% and 16.67% of neonates died without any surgical intervention, due to the severity of the associated pathologies. The post-operative complication rate was 50% and the mortality rate in patients without associated comorbidities was 0%. Conclusion: the incidence of MAR in Sergipe during the period was 0.256 per 1000 births. 25.53% of cases were treated at the MNSL and achieved an overall mortality rate of 50%. Despite the availability of resources, MAR presents considerable challenges, especially for patients with serious associated pathologies.