relevance of the red reflex test in detecting leukocoria: an integrative review

Abstract

Introduction: It is estimated that nearly 80% of cases of childhood blindness are preventable with proper screening, highlighting the significant importance of screening in the early years of life. Leukocoria may be present in various ocular diseases, and whenever the red reflex is doubtful or absent, referral of the child to an ophthalmologist for a thorough and complete examination is essential. Objective: To analyze the relevance of the red reflex test in screening for ophthalmic diseases that present with the sign of leukocoria in children. Methods: This is an integrative literature review of articles published between 2019 and 2024 in the PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), and SciELO Citation Index databases, using the search strategy "Leukocoria and red reflex test"; "Red reflex and neonate"; "Leukocoria and newborn". Results: The final selection comprised 9 articles, after meeting the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Final considerations: The red reflex test, through direct ophthalmoscopy, holds great importance in screening for eye diseases that are potentially harmful to the pediatric population. It should be performed from the earliest days of life, extending throughout childhood. Early detection is the best way to reduce risks to the normal development of the patient's vision.