Physiotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and irreversible damage to the joints, also affecting organs such as the heart, lungs, eyes and nervous system, resulting in low quality of life and functional disability. Early detection of rheumatoid arthritis, combined with scientific and technological advances, allows for more effective treatments, controlling symptoms in the early stages and preventing joint damage. This involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological care to achieve remission or low disease activity, improving patients' quality of life. Objective: to review the literature on physical therapy treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, highlighting interventions with superior results. Methodology: This is a bibliographical review, where the search was carried out on websites, books and articles in the main databases, namely the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PeDro), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO ) with studies published in English and Portuguese between 2018 and 2024. Discussion: Non-pharmacological treatments for RA, such as thermotherapy, cryotherapy, hydrotherapy and kinesiotherapy, are common in physiotherapeutic practice. Additionally, techniques such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) show promise in reducing inflammation, while balneotherapy uses mineral water to improve health. Tai Chi Chuan and acupuncture are also used, although the effectiveness of Tai Chi in RA needs further study. The physical therapist's role includes informing patients about their treatment options and understanding their unmet needs, such as pain, fatigue and emotional well-being. Conclusion: Physiotherapy for RA includes thermotherapy, low-intensity laser, supervised and independent exercises, personalized education and awareness about the treatment, as well as guidance on the best exercises and the need for follow-up with other health professionals, aiming to improve the overall condition and reduce symptoms, providing a life with more quality and comfort.