Non-invasive mechanical ventilation as a resource in the treatment of patients with copd

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic condition characterized by airway obstruction and inflammation, usually caused by prolonged smoking. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, affecting 210 million people and resulting in 4 million deaths annually. In Brazil, it is the third leading cause of death among chronic non-communicable diseases. The pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation and destruction of the lung parenchyma. Diagnosis is often delayed, in moderate or severe stages, with spirometry being crucial for confirmation. The disease causes significant respiratory difficulties, especially in advanced stages, where non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) can be a vital intervention. Objectives: The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of COPD and to highlight the importance of respiratory physiotherapy, especially with the use of NIV. Methodology: This study is a literature review on the use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the treatment of COPD, including randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2019 and 2024 in the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. Final Considerations: COPD represents a significant public health challenge. Respiratory physiotherapy, including NIV, plays a fundamental role in reducing symptom exacerbation and improving lung function. The combination of pharmacotherapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, nutritional, and psychological support is essential. Early recognition of the disease and the implementation of appropriate therapies, such as NIV, are crucial to reduce mortality and promote the well-being of patients.