Approach the biochemical aspects of the gluten molecule and its developments in the human organism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v7i15.1462Keywords:
allergy, diagnosis, celiac disease, gluten, sensitivityAbstract
The present study demonstrates the diagnostic possibilities of Celiac Disease through clinical investigation and specific laboratory tests, analyzing the individual condition of each person, the consequences of gluten ingestion on the body and differentiating allergy, sensitivity and intolerance to this substance. The research was conducted through a descriptive-exploratory investigation with a qualitative approach, using a structured and objective questionnaire. The questionnaires were sent via Microsoft Forms® link, WhatsApp® and email, aimed at doctors who work in specialties related, directly or indirectly, to the gastrointestinal tract and allergic processes. The results are based on the answers to the questionnaires. Regarding the definition of Celiac Disease, it is characterized as an autoimmune enteropathy induced by gluten ingestion, with a possible genetic correlation. The epidemiological aspects of the disease reveal that it is one of the most common food intolerances in the world. Diagnosis is usually late and clinical manifestations are systemic. The most serious complications of Celiac Disease include osteoporosis, infertility, T-cell lymphomas and adenocarcinoma of the small intestine. To diagnose the disease, the most frequently requested tests are Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG), Anti-Endomysium (EMA), Anti-Gliadin (AGA), Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) DQ2 and DQ8 autoantibodies, biopsy and endoscopy. It is concluded that the most effective treatment for Celiac Disease consists of a strictly gluten-free diet, which must be maintained permanently. It is important to highlight that gluten sensitivity is not the same thing as Celiac Disease; although they present similar symptoms, medical investigation may reveal different test results, and the clinical manifestations of gluten sensitivity tend to be milder.
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