Analysis of the relationship between high blood pressure and coronary artery disease

Abstract

Hypertension (HTN) is an important risk factor for the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). The relationship between hypertension and CAD involves mechanisms such as increased atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, damage to the heart and vessels, and arterial stiffness, which compromises coronary perfusion. This contribution highlights the need for strict blood pressure control in high-risk patients. Therapeutic strategies include beta-blockers, statins, antiplatelet therapy, and lifestyle changes, enhanced by mobile technologies that aid in monitoring and adherence. Procedures such as coronary bypass are indicated in advanced cases. Integrated management is essential to reduce the overall burden of CAD and improve cardiovascular outcomes. Studies such as SPRINT and STEP demonstrate that stricter blood pressure targets (<120 mmHg) significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in the elderly, while meta-analyses show that each 5 mmHg reduction in SBP reduces cardiovascular events by 10%. Blood pressure control prevents inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis. However, economic and social barriers, especially in Latin America, hinder the adequate management of hypertension. Educational campaigns, access to medications, and public policies are crucial to overcoming these challenges, highlighting the need for strategies that integrate clinical control and socioeconomic support to reduce inequalities. Therefore, strict blood pressure control reduces cardiovascular risks, so a combination of pharmacological control, lifestyle changes, and inclusive public policies is necessary to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular diseases.