Impact of Pulmonary Resection on Respiratory Function in Lung Cancer Patients: An Integrative Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v8i18.1889Keywords:
Pulmonary Function Test, Lung Cancer, Surgical, Rehabilitation, OncologyAbstract
Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Brazil and worldwide, with high incidence rates, especially among smokers. Pulmonary resection, although effective, can impact respiratory function, making pulmonary function evaluation and rehabilitation essential to prevent complications and improve patients' quality of life.Methodology: A search was conducted in PubMed using the terms "pulmonary function test," "lung cancer," "surgical," and "rehabilitation" to identify studies on pulmonary function in lung cancer patients undergoing pulmonary resection, with no restrictions on publication period or language.Discussion: Pulmonary resection in lung cancer patients can reduce respiratory function, particularly after lobectomies, with decreases in parameters such as FEV1 and FVC, affecting quality of life and increasing fatigue. Pulmonary recovery occurs gradually and rarely returns to baseline levels. Preoperative evaluation of pulmonary function is crucial for selecting at-risk patients, with tests like spirometry and DLCO helping to plan surgery. Alternatives such as segmentectomy and minimally invasive techniques have shown better results in preserving pulmonary function. Pulmonary rehabilitation, both pre- and post-operatively, improves recovery, reduces complications, and provides significant physical and emotional benefits.Conclusion: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, and pulmonary resection, while common, impacts respiratory function in patients. Pulmonary function evaluation, such as spirometry and DLCO, is essential for identifying risks and guiding treatment. Pulmonary rehabilitation has shown benefits in reducing complications and improving functional capacity. However, further studies are needed to refine evaluation and rehabilitation strategies, assess long-term effects, and improve the prognosis of lung cancer patients.
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