Criteria for inclusion of cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment in the Home Enteral Nutrition Therapy Program: a proposal independent of the malnutrition criterion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v8i18.1986Keywords:
neoplasia, nutritional therapy, immunonutrition, antineoplastic agents, chemotherapy, malnutritionAbstract
National and international guidelines recommend early nutritional intervention in cancer treatment as a prevention against malnutrition. Paradoxically, access to prior nutritional therapy, when linked to the Home Enteral Nutritional Therapy Program, is subject to the malnutrition criterion. Objective: To characterize the nutritional profile of patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment, according to the criteria of the Home Enteral Nutritional Therapy Program, regardless of malnutrition. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study. 55 patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment with at least one of the criteria of the Home Enteral Nutritional Therapy Program and non-malnourished patients were included. Onco-hematological patients, children, and elderly patients over 65 years old and under exclusive palliative care were excluded. For nutritional risk screening, the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was used. The analyses were performed in the R software (R Core Team 2024), with a significance level set at 5% (p<0.05). The results showed a significant difference between well-nourished, moderately malnourished, and severely malnourished patients, regarding BMI (p=0.01), percentage weight loss in 6 months (p=0.0001), with severely malnourished patients having lower BMI and greater weight loss. Regarding symptoms and therapeutic regimens used, a marginally significant result was obtained (p=0.06). There was a significant difference between candidates and non-candidates for the Home Enteral Nutritional Therapy Program, regarding weight (p=0.005) and BMI (p=0.004), being lower in patients who were candidates for the program. There was a significant relationship between being a candidate or not for the program (p=0.004), as well as medications in use (p=0.01). The conclusion demonstrated that cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment, candidates for the Home Enteral Nutritional Therapy Program regardless of the malnutrition criterion, had significantly lower BMI and weight compared to non-candidates and presented more symptoms and a greater association with cytotoxic regimens. Suggested that new inclusion criteria for patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment be considered for the Home Enteral Nutritional Therapy Program, regardless of the malnutrition criterion.
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