Unraveling the layers of mass incarceration in Brazil: an intersectional perspective of gender and race on structural racism

Abstract

The present research centers on structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race within the context of mass incarceration in Brazil. Its general objective is to analyze structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race as factors contributing to the increase in female incarceration in Brazil. The specific objectives are: to conceptualize structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race, as well as to situate them within the Brazilian historical context; to study incarceration rates among white and black women, and between these women and men, based on official data, literature, and pertinent legislation; and to verify structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race as factors for the increase in female incarceration in Brazil. This is explanatory research with a mixed-methods approach, employing a deductive research method. The technical procedures used include bibliographic research—books, official data, scientific articles, and relevant legislation. The central issue highlighted is: can it be affirmed that structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race are factors contributing to the increase in female incarceration in Brazil? Therefore, this research is divided into three parts. Firstly, the historical concept of structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race will be studied. Subsequently, based on official data, literature, and pertinent legislation, the rates of female incarceration in Brazil will be examined, as well as their relationship with structural racism. Finally, the consequences of structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race in the current Brazilian prison reality will be discussed. In conclusion, this research reveals the profound interconnection between race, gender, and the prison system, highlighting how these dynamics shape carceral practices and perpetuate systemic inequalities. By analyzing specific data from Brazil, it becomes evident that black women are disproportionately affected by incarceration, reflecting a deeply rooted pattern of racial and gender discrimination.