Impacts of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and the importance of early diagnosis

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that persists throughout all stages of life, impacting personal, academic, social, and professional spheres. This study is justified by evidence that late diagnosis exacerbates functional impairments, making it essential to understand how the disorder manifests in order to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The objective of this research was to review recent literature on the impacts of ADHD in adult life and reinforce the importance of early diagnosis. To this end, an integrative review was conducted, analyzing 20 articles published between 2021 and 2025. The results indicate that late diagnosis is associated with greater academic difficulties, impairments in interpersonal relationships, time management problems, task management issues, and difficulties in emotional regulation, negatively affecting productivity and quality of life. A higher risk of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and physical illnesses, such as cardiovascular problems, was also observed. In study and work environments, symptoms such as inattention and impulsivity can generate stigma and impair performance. Although pharmacological treatments are effective in controlling symptoms, studies highlight that multidisciplinary approaches, including psychosocial interventions, psychological support, and educational strategies, are essential for better functional adaptation. It is concluded that early identification and integrated management of ADHD are fundamental to reducing complications in adulthood. Professional training and the dissemination of information are necessary measures to promote timely diagnoses and effective therapies, contributing to the well-being of this population.