Adverse reactions to Zolpidem use: impacts on the patient’s quality of life

Abstract

The present study corresponds to a research of articles emphasizing the use of zolpidem associated with various adverse reactions capable of compromising patients’ quality of life. The objective is to understand, based on scientific literature, the relationship between zolpidem use, the occurrence of adverse reactions, and their impacts on patient well-being. This is na integrative literature review, conducted between August 2024 and October 2025, based on the analysis of scientific articles available in databases such as Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), PubMed, Brazilian Journal of Health Review (BJHR), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), World Health Organization (WHO), among others. Full studies published in Portuguese and English from 1995 to 2025 were included, specifically addressing zolpidem use, its adverse reactions, risk minimization strategies, and physical, psychological, and social impacts. The following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS/MeSH) were established: zolpidem, adverse reactions, adverse events, quality of life, pharmacists, and side effects. For this literature review, 17 articles were included, selected through the reading of titles, abstracts, and full texts, with data analyzed according to the content analysis technique. The results evidenced that, despite zolpidem’s therapeutic efficacy in treating insomnia, its use is frequently associated with adverse reactions such as daytime sleepiness, amnesia, cognitive impairment, complex sleep behaviors, dependence, and na increased risk of falls and fractures, especially in elderly patients. Such events negatively impact functionality, autonomy, professional performance, and social relationships, compromising the individuals’ quality of life. It is concluded that zolpidem, although effective, must be used judiciously, with proper prescription and continuous monitoring by health professionals. The importance of patient guidance and the adoption of integrated therapeutic strategies is highlighted, aming to minimize the risks associated with the treatment and promote greater safety and quality of life for users.