Hongos hidrocarbonoclastas en suelos amazónicos: caracterización polifásica y potencial enzimático para la biorremediación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v9i20.3130Keywords:
Mycoremediation, Amazon, Aspergillus, Fungal biochemistry, HydrocarbonsAbstract
Oil contamination in the Ecuadorian Amazon presents an environmental challenge that requires the identification of indigenous microorganisms with specific metabolic capabilities. The purpose of this study is to morphologically and biochemically characterize various fungal isolates obtained from contaminated soils to evaluate their potential for use in bioremediation strategies. The methodology consisted of isolating specimens using polyphasic taxonomy and applying biochemical tests for catalase and triple-sugar iron agar as indicators of metabolic capability. The results revealed the presence of ten distinct morphotypes, with the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium being the most prominent. Specifically, Aspergillus tamarii showed absolute prevalence in all replicates, followed by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium cataractarum. These findings are interpreted as an adaptive response to selective environmental pressure, where the vigorous activity of the catalase enzyme suggests high resilience to oxidative stress generated by hydrocarbons. Likewise, the observed ability to produce hydrogen sulfide indicates specialized pathways for the transformation of complex compounds. It is concluded that the identified consortium possesses a complementary enzymatic machinery, which supports its viability as a promising biotechnological tool for the restoration of disturbed Amazonian ecosystems.
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