The method used by nurses when inserting nasogastric tube in patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit.

Abstract

Nurses play a crucial role in the insertion and management of gastric tubes, from initial assessment to post-insertion follow-up. Their role encompasses choosing the type of device, determining the tube gauge, applying the measurement technique, and ensuring the correct placement and maintenance of the device, promoting patient safety and well-being. This study aimed to identify the method used by nurses in the insertion of gastric tubes in patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study, conducted in the adult Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital. The sample was a census of nurses, and although all 24 nurses working in the unit were invited, the final sample consisted of 17 professionals who agreed to participate in the research. Data collection took place between June and July 2025, using a semi-structured questionnaire focused on the standardization of gastric tube care, consisting of 15 items covering sociodemographic/professional profile and technical knowledge. The results showed that 94.1% of the sample used a silicone (Dobbhoff) feeding tube for diet administration, and 52.9% applied the NEX technique (tip of the nose, earlobe, xiphoid process) for measuring the tube's position. The tube's position was verified by auscultation in the epigastric region in 29.1% of cases; 47.06% placed the patient in a semi-Fowler's position after insertion, and 47.06% reported flushing the tube after administering diet or medication as the main precaution to avoid obstructions. These results reinforce the need for institutional strategies focused on standardizing protocols, continuous training, and monitoring practices. Such actions can enhance the safety of critically ill patients, reduce complications, and consolidate the use of more effective techniques in nursing care.