Frequency and profile of myelotoxicity induced by chemotherapy in oncology patients at a public hospital in the Federal District
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v7i14.927Keywords:
Antineoplastic agents, Incidence, Myelosuppression, ChemotherapyAbstract
Myelosuppression induced by chemotherapeutic agents, defined as the presence of anemia (hemoglobin < 10.0 g/dL), neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 1.5×109/L), and/or thrombocytopenia (platelets < 75×109/L), leads to numerous complications for oncology patients. This condition is associated with an increased risk of infections, fatigue, bleeding, escalating healthcare costs, worsening quality of life, and treatment performance deterioration, occasionally requiring dose reduction or cycle postponement. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and delineate the profile of chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity in adult cancer patients at the Regional Hospital of Taguatinga. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, and data were collected from January to December 2022. The analyzed population comprised 267 patients, with an average age of 56.6 years and a predominance of females (73.4%), with breast cancer being the most frequent site. The most prescribed pharmacological class was alkylating agents, recommended for 230 patients. The most frequently prescribed protocols were doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide, with 88 patients (33%), cisplatin monotherapy, with 41 patients (15.4%), oxaliplatin + capecitabine, with 40 patients (15%), and carboplatin + paclitaxel, with 37 patients (13.8%). The carboplatin + paclitaxel protocol was associated with a higher incidence of anemia. On the other hand, the doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide protocol showed a higher propensity for neutropenia, regardless of the grade. Moreover, approximately half of the patients undergoing the oxaliplatin + capecitabine protocol presented with grade 2 thrombocytopenia. Comparative analysis of each parameter associated with myelotoxicity was performed in each chemotherapy cycle, revealing differences between the protocols, ranging from increasing, sporadic, or already evident toxicity in the first cycle, with grade 2 being more frequently observed. These changes manifested after chemotherapy administration, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and interventions.
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