Dengue vaccine vs. Circulating serotype: a discussion of vaccine coverage according to the epidemiology of regions in Brazil

Abstract

Arboviruses pose a significant challenge to public health, manifesting through nonspecific symptoms such as fever, headache, myalgia, body pain, as well as pain behind the eyes. Additionally, dengue can progress to more severe forms, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock, especially in cases of sequential infections by serotypes to which the individual has not yet been exposed. In this study, 54 documents were consulted, including scientific articles, epidemiological bulletins, publications on official websites, and technical data sheets, in order to better understand the panorama of this arbovirus. We observed that in different regions of the country, all serotypes are registered to be in circulation, however, the predominance of one serotype over the other may exist. Regarding the vaccines available in Brazil, such as Dengvaxia® and QDenga®, both approved by ANVISA, it was decided to include QDenga® in the National Immunization Program (PNI). This choice was based on its ability to be administered to both seropositive and seronegative individuals, and its efficacy against all four serotypes simultaneously, prioritizing the most vulnerable groups. This decision was especially guided for regions where new dengue subtypes are emerging, and cases are increasing. As indicated by the analyzed publications, QDenga® proves to be promising in the Brazilian context, standing out for its efficacy and flexibility of use. These results underscore the ongoing importance of epidemiological surveillance and the development of prevention and control strategies to address vector-borne diseases.