Pharmacotherapeutic management of insomnia primary: a systematic review of the literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v7i15.1399Keywords:
Insomnia, Sleep, Hypnotics, SedativesAbstract
Introduction. Sleep is essential to maintain the individual's metabolic, neurological and cognitive balance, so when altered suddenly or prolongedly, it can trigger harmful effects on physical and/or mental health. In this context, initially identified as a symptom, insomnia has become recognized as a disorder for generating suffering or functional damage and has become frequent in clinical practice, affecting more than 30% of the elderly population, affecting not only cognition, but also attention, balance and daily tasks.Goal. To highlight the current therapies used for the management of insomnia, as a way to promote physical and mental well-being as well as greater quality of life for the insomniac population. Methodology. Articles available in the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes Health (PubMed), Scielo and Science Direct databases were evaluated. The identification and selection of articles was carried out considering the inclusion criteria of the full text; last 5 years; English.Findings. A total of 897 articles were identified based on the descriptors used in this review. The selection based on the analysis of titles and abstracts, as well as the complete reading of the manuscripts, resulted in 22 articles eligible for analysis. Conclusion. Therapy with sedative-hypnotics, such as benzodiazepines and z-drugs, has been predominant in offices, although its side effects such as greater propensity for falls and fractures, potential for dependence, and dementia processes are known. In this sense, therapeutic alternatives such as orexin receptor antagonists are increasingly being studied, and the management of insomnia should be individualized to each patient, in order to meet the needs and reduce unwanted adverse effects.
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