Diagnosis and treatment methods for endometriosis: a review based on scientific evidence

Abstract

Introduction: Endometriosis is a complex and challenging disease characterized by the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and myometrium. This condition causes a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from intense pelvic pain to reproductive complications such as infertility. Objective: This study consists of a descriptive literature review aimed at compiling and analyzing relevant information on the diagnostic methods and therapeutic options available for the treatment of endometriosis. Methodology: The review was conducted using scientific articles, books, and medical guidelines published in the last ten years. The databases used for the search were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The descriptors used, in both Portuguese and English, included: "endometriosis," "diagnosis of endometriosis," "treatment of endometriosis," "laparoscopy," "imaging exams," "ultrasound in endometriosis," and "magnetic resonance imaging in endometriosis." The search was conducted systematically using the mentioned terms. Initially, 8,282 articles were identified on the PubMed platform, 20 articles in SciELO, and 11,700 articles in Google Scholar. After reviewing titles and abstracts, 38 articles were selected based on inclusion criteria. Of these, 21 articles were included in the final analysis after a complete reading. The comparative analysis of the findings aimed to identify consensuses and divergences in the literature, as well as possible gaps in knowledge. Inclusion Criteria: Studies published between 2014 and 2024 that directly addressed the diagnosis and/or treatment of endometriosis in reproductive-age women were included. Exclusion Criteria: Duplicated studies, those not available in full, studies addressing other aspects of endometriosis, and those published before 2014 were excluded. Limitations: This study is limited by its exclusive dependence on published literature, which may introduce publication bias. Furthermore, only studies in Portuguese and English were included, potentially restricting the comprehensiveness of the results. Final Considerations: Endometriosis is a complex condition that significantly affects women's quality of life, requiring early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment approaches. The increasing incidence and variety of manifestations highlight the need for individualized management and awareness campaigns. Investing in research and education about the disease is crucial to improving care and the quality of life for patients.