Nursing Approaches in Comprehensive Care during Bone Marrow Transplantation in Children with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Abstract

Introduction: This study analyzes the role of nurses in providing comprehensive care during bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a rare genetic condition that compromises the immune system. As the only effective treatment, BMT involves significant risks and requires a multidisciplinary team, with nurses playing a central role in managing the procedure and post-transplant follow-up. The research aims to identify the essential competencies of these professionals and highlights the importance of proper training to ensure adequate care and improved clinical outcomes for children with SCID. Objective: To identify the essential competencies of nurses in bone marrow transplantation. Method: This is an integrative literature review investigating nursing approaches in the care of children with severe combined immunodeficiency during bone marrow transplantation. The study followed a systematic process of selecting and analyzing relevant articles from databases such as BVS, Embase, SciELO, PUBMED, and Google Scholar, focusing on publications from 2019 to 2024. Results: Neonatal screening is essential for early detection of SCID, and advanced techniques such as digital PCR enhance diagnosis. Specialized nurses in BMT contribute to better outcomes, and neonatal screening has increased survival rates in Brazil. Conclusion: Neonatal screening and advanced diagnostic methods are crucial for early SCID detection, and nurses play a central role in care during bone marrow transplantation. Expanding these programs in Brazil is vital to improve clinical outcomes and reduce costs.