The role of vitamin D in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: clinical perspectives and recent evidence

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system, characterized by demyelination, inflammation, and progressive loss of neurological function. Vitamin D has been widely investigated as an immunomodulatory and neuroprotective agent, with therapeutic potential in the management of MS. In this sense, this study consists of an integrative review of the literature, aiming to evaluate the most recent evidence on the role of vitamin D supplementation in disease progression, clinical stages, and the safety of its use. Twenty articles published between 2020 and 2024, identified in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, EbscoHost, and the Virtual Health Library (VHL), were analyzed. The results indicate that vitamin D supplementation may be associated with a reduction in the frequency of flare-ups, improvement in symptoms such as fatigue, and a decrease in lesions observed in MRI scans. Furthermore, vitamin D has demonstrated potential to modulate the immune system and protect the central nervous system, contributing to the preservation of myelin and slowing the progression of the disease. Despite the benefits offered, uncertainties remain regarding the ideal dosage, long-term effects and variations in response between patients, which reinforces the need for additional studies. It is concluded that vitamin D is a promising complementary therapeutic strategy for the management of multiple sclerosis, and can improve the quality of life of patients and improve clinical stages. However, the implementation of this approach should be carried out with adequate clinical monitoring, aiming to maximize the benefits and ensure treatment safety.