The Use of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Tourette Syndrome: a literature review

Abstract

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by involuntary motor and vocal tics, which generally manifest in childhood and are often accompanied by comorbidities such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD). The objective of this study is to review and synthesize the available scientific literature on the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in the treatment of Tourette Syndrome, focusing on the effectiveness of this approach in controlling tics and improving patients' quality of life. The research was carried out through a bibliographical review, in which scientific articles published in the last five years on the benefits and results of this therapy were selected and analyzed. The review sought to consolidate scattered information in the literature, with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of CBT in managing symptoms and promoting better well-being for patients. The results obtained indicate that CBT is an effective approach to controlling tics, providing patients with tools to deal with premonitory sensations and inhibit tics voluntarily. Furthermore, CBT stands out for its holistic nature, addressing the psychosocial factors that impact individuals' lives, such as social stigma and the educational and emotional difficulties faced by many patients with the syndrome. Although this approach has several benefits, access to CBT still faces significant barriers, such as a shortage of trained professionals, a lack of infrastructure in some regions, and a lack of awareness about the condition. In terms of therapeutic combination, this study also emphasizes that, in more severe cases or when access to CBT is limited, the combination with pharmacological treatments can be an effective strategy, as it expands options for patients and can accelerate the desired results. In conclusion, this work confirms the relevance of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy as a low-risk and highly effective therapy in the treatment of Tourette Syndrome. However, more studies are still needed on its long-term application and on how to optimize access and results of this approach, especially in contexts with limited resources and in remote areas, where intervention is often difficult.