Anabolic steroids in the prevention of sarcopenia in the elderly: a literature review

Abstract

Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, representing a major public health concern due to the growing elderly population. Among the strategies investigated to mitigate its effects, the use of anabolic steroids emerges as a potential therapeutic approach capable of promoting increased muscle mass and functional improvement. This study aims to analyze, through a literature review, the effects of anabolic steroids on the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in older adults, highlighting their mechanisms of action, benefits, and associated risks. National and international scientific databases were reviewed, prioritizing studies published in the last ten years. Findings indicate that although anabolic steroids may contribute to improved body composition and muscle strength, their use requires caution due to potential adverse effects, including cardiovascular, metabolic, and hormonal alterations. It is concluded that anabolic steroids may offer benefits in the prevention of sarcopenia when used under strict clinical supervision and with appropriate indication; however, further studies are needed to assess their long-term safety and effectiveness.