The fermale over – indentedness as a challege for public policies of consumer protections: a study on the effectiveness of law no. 14.181/2021 and the performance of Procon Tocantins

Abstract

The phenomenon of over-indebtedness is a growing social and economic issue in the

country, affecting millions of individuals. The phenomenon is particularly intensified among women due to gender-specific factors, such as persistent economic and social inequality, manifested in wage disparities, the overload of responsibilities related to domestic and caregiving tasks, and limited access to full information and to their rights. These factors increase women’s vulnerability, making them more susceptible to excessive indebtedness, including situations involving economic violence. Law No. 14,181/2021 represents progress in attempting to ensure a minimum standard of living and promote financial education, but gender-related challenges remain significant and require a differentiated approach. The study aims to analyze the phenomenon from a gender-sensitive perspective to guide the actions of consumer protection agencies, such as Procons. This is essential to improving their ability to identify, welcome, and provide proper support to women experiencing over-indebtedness, especially those who are victims of economic violence. The research is based on a literature review and an analysis of the Federal Constitution of 1988 and current consumer legislation. The study’s final considerations and proposals highlight the urgency of implementing actions to mitigate gender vulnerability in the prevention and treatment of over-indebtedness. It suggests the creation of microcredit programs specifically targeted at women, the promotion of more responsible financial practices by the credit market, and the adoption andstrengthening of affirmative policies aimed at economic and social equity.