O uso da cannabis medicinal no manejo de pacientes com transtornos de ansiedade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v8i19.2601Palabras clave:
cannabis medicinal, canabidiol, transtornos de ansiedade, THC, tratamentoResumen
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o uso da Cannabis medicinal no manejo de pacientes com transtornos de ansiedade, abordando sua eficácia terapêutica, mecanismos de ação e limitações da literatura disponível. Realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura científica, incluindo artigos clínicos e pré-clínicos, revisões sistemáticas e estudos comportamentais que investigaram o uso de canabidiol (CBD) e tetrahidrocanabinol (THC) no tratamento da ansiedade. Os resultados indicam que o CBD apresenta efeitos ansiolíticos consistentes em modelos animais e humanos, modulando receptores serotoninérgicos (5-HT1A), canabinoides (CB1) e canais TRPV, além de atuar em mecanismos epigenéticos. O THC, embora possa oferecer benefícios terapêuticos em combinação com o CBD, apresenta efeitos paradoxais e ansiogênicos em doses elevadas. Estudos clínicos demonstram melhorias na redução de sintomas de ansiedade, qualidade de vida e, em alguns casos, diminuição do uso de benzodiazepínicos. Contudo, observou-se grande heterogeneidade metodológica, variabilidade nas doses, diferenças entre cepas de Cannabis e lacunas quanto à segurança e eficácia a longo prazo. Conclui-se que a Cannabis medicinal, especialmente o CBD, é uma alternativa promissora para o tratamento de transtornos de ansiedade, mas que novos estudos clínicos controlados e padronizados são essenciais para estabelecer protocolos terapêuticos seguros e eficazes.
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