Impacto da Ressecção Pulmonar na Função Respiratória em Pacientes com Câncer de Pulmão: Uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v8i18.1889Palavras-chave:
Testes de Função Respiratória, Câncer de Pulmão, Cirurgia, Reabilitação, OncologiaResumo
Introdução: O câncer de pulmão é uma das principais causas de morte no Brasil e no mundo, com altas taxas de incidência, especialmente em fumantes. A ressecção pulmonar, embora eficaz, pode afetar a função respiratória, sendo essencial a avaliação da função pulmonar e a reabilitação para prevenir complicações e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma busca na PubMed com os termos "pulmonary function test", "lung cancer", "surgical" e "rehabilitation" para identificar estudos sobre a função pulmonar em pacientes com câncer de pulmão submetidos à ressecção pulmonar, sem restrições de período ou idioma. Discussão: A ressecção pulmonar em pacientes com câncer de pulmão pode reduzir a função respiratória, especialmente após lobectomias, com queda nos parâmetros como VEF1 e CVF, afetando a qualidade de vida e aumentando a fadiga. A recuperação pulmonar ocorre de forma gradual e raramente retorna aos níveis basais. A avaliação pré-operatória da função pulmonar é essencial para selecionar pacientes de risco, com testes como espirometria e DLCO ajudando a planejar a cirurgia. Alternativas como segmentectomia e técnicas minimamente invasivas têm mostrado melhores resultados na preservação da função pulmonar. A reabilitação pulmonar, tanto pré quanto pós-operatória, melhora a recuperação, reduz complicações e promove benefícios físicos e emocionais significativos. Conclusão: O câncer de pulmão é uma das principais causas de morte globalmente, e a ressecção pulmonar, embora comum, impacta a função respiratória dos pacientes. A avaliação da função pulmonar, como espirometria e DLCO, é essencial para identificar riscos e orientar o tratamento. A reabilitação pulmonar tem mostrado benefícios na redução de complicações e melhora da capacidade funcional. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para aprimorar as estratégias de avaliação e reabilitação, além de avaliar os efeitos a longo prazo e melhorar os prognósticos dos pacientes com câncer de pulmão.
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