Impacts of Obesogenic Factors on Food Handlers Exposed to Smoke Inhalation: An Integrative Review and the Role of the Pharmacist
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v9i20.2866Keywords:
Occupational Obesity, Smoke Exposure, Food Handlers, Obesogenic Factors, Worker Health, Pharmaceutical CareAbstract
Occupational exposure to smoke in food handling environments represents an emerging risk factor for the development of obesity. Obesogenic environmental factors, such as pollutants generated by food cooking, can alter energy metabolism and promote weight gain through endocrine and inflammatory mechanisms, constituting a significant occupational health issue relevant to the role of the pharmacist. Objective: To analyze the impacts of obesogenic factors on food handlers exposed to smoke inhalation and to discuss the pharmacist's role in preventing and managing associated risks through an integrative literature review. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted across various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS, using descriptors related to occupational exposure, obesity, smoke, and food workers. Relevant published studies were included. The analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 847 studies were identified, of which 23 met the inclusion criteria. The main obesogenic factors identified include particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Chronic exposure to these pollutants was associated with alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and changes in eating behavior. Discussion: The physiological mechanisms involved include activation of inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and alterations in gut microbiota. Workers in barbecue restaurants and industrial kitchens showed a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. The pharmacist can play a crucial role in occupational health management, therapeutic monitoring of comorbidities, health education to reduce risks, and promoting safer work environments. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to smoke is a significant obesogenic factor. Pharmaceutical intervention, integrated within a multidisciplinary team, is essential for implementing preventive measures, managing associated comorbidities, and promoting the health of this worker population.
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